Solutions for the Social Problem of Poverty in the United...

Poverty is a common social issue that has troubled the United States for a countless number of years. Poverty is considered deprivation. It is when we are deprived of the things we need to function properly in society. Education, food and shelter are things that individuals struggling through poverty lack. Poverty is subjective because anyone can differ on the level of deprivation we suffer that describes the state of poverty. Some people even want to include the ability to go on foreign holidays as people are deprived of something the majority up till quite recently could do. Unsurprisingly, it still widely exists and has been a consistent problem. No matter what the overall prosperity level is, there will always be millions of†¦show more content†¦Absolute necessities are anything ranging from the essentials, such as heat and shelter. An example of relative poverty would be taking a random group of people off the street to classify their wealth; otherwise, basing judgment off on something as simple as shoes. Another example could be the poverty you may find in another country. People who live in poor accommodation, cannot afford luxuries, struggling to make ends meet, are said to suffer from relative poverty. Several issues in the world including illness and thirst are causes to poverty. Many times people underestimate the word poor. However, poor is more than just seemingly not having money. One literally has no food or water to eat nor drink and live homeless on the streets begging for money and supplies. Furthermore, the effects of poverty are most often interrelated so another follows that one problem. An example of this would be bad sanitation, which makes it easier to spread around diseases but lack of supplies make people more vulnerable to them. Other things such as lack of education, and abuse are all consequences of poverty to individuals. According to Howard Glennerster in United States Poverty Studies and Poverty Measurement: The Past Twenty-Five Years, poverty has been a steady condition in United States history. Not only that, but today there is even more discussion focused on the â€Å"culture and race ofShow MoreRelatedSelling in the Barrio: The Culture of Poverty Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesMultiple studies have been completed to show that people from all racial groups and ethnicities are negatively affected by poverty. Those in the lowest social class, while a mix of ethnicities, are predominantly minorities and affected the most. What stood out about Philippe Bourgeois’ is that he not only studies the people and their culture but he lived it with them. Mr. Bourgois spent two years with his wife and child living with the Puerto Rican’s in East Harlem, NY. 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If I had the choice to change poverty I would raise the minimum wage so more people would want to work and the money can at least accommodate for a 3 house family with one person working. In the book â€Å"Men We Reaped† Jesmyn explained about her hometownRead MoreSocial Welfare Vs. The Market958 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many reasons why individuals live in poverty. Such as drug addiction, lack of education, Unaffordable housing, criminal record, and alcohol addiction. These issues cripple our country continuously. â€Å"Poverty is not anyone persons decision. Parents do not wake up one day and just decide not to feed their family or pay bills. Poverty is a state when individual’s essential needs are not satisfied, Such as healthcare, education, food, and housing which are the main components to survive everydayRead MoreHow Did Poverty Represent The Problems Of An Expanding Nation During The Early Republic Period?1298 Words   |  6 Pages1. How did poverty represent the problems of an expanding nation during the early Republic period? The time between the writing of the U.S. Constitution in 1787 and the financial depression, beginning in 1837, saw poverty as the most significant social pressure in the United States. There were many unanswered questions regarding society’s role in helping the poor and underprivileged during this time in the early Republic. It was debated whether or not society was responsible for helping find jobs

Marketing Report Amazon

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Report Amazon. Answer: Introduction Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos who was an entrepreneur in 1994. The business began from Jeff Bezos garage, later Nick Hanauer and Tom Alburg made some supplementary investment (D'Onfro, 2014). With the added investment, Bezos come up with a more user-friendly website currently used by millions of people. Various products were added to the website as the number of clients grew. Later, through the various ides of Bezos there was another implementation that enabled clients to write and post their book reviews. The idea was successful, making Amazon a successful venture (Schneider, 2017). In 1997, Amazon decided to go public hence the addition of a variety of products on their site. The products included CDs, movies and toys. In the year 2001 Amazon experienced financial loss and laid off over1000 employees (D'Onfro, 2014). Despite the loss Bezos never despaired hence implementing an idea of working with other sellers to market their goods through Amazon's website. Through this idea Am azon was able to get back on its initial track. Amazon is now a world phenomenon through hard work and persistence.To boost efficiency, these studies suggests the introduction of an application that can be used by Startups in the US to market their products. Features of the Suggested Product The suggested product will be used by the startups in the US to market their products to the Amazon online community. The companies will be able to distribute and market their products through this application. The program will have pages that are customized, a marketing package that is comprehensive, streamlined experiences, and a full access to the Amazons global networks. The product will help startups to sell their products and overcome new product challenges. Amazon External and Internal Environment Threat of Substitutes Even though e-commerce has advanced, there is often the existence of threat of substitutes from the physical world. The ancient mortar and brick stores gives the client the know how that is nearly impossible to understand in the online technological world. For instance, in a boutique a client tries the cloth on before purchasing it (Greenspan, 2017). The activity that cannot be found on Amazon. Also, Amazon is unable to offer real time client services like the brick and mortar. Not only does the threat of substitutes come from the physical globe but also from the technology world (Greenspan, 2017). Amazon can never compete with specialty online stores as much as it provides various products. Since Amazon needs to maintain its look and feel, it cannot customize its website to display and help the customer in making purchasing decision, Amazon will always be out beaten by specialty stores. New Entrants Today, there are challenges for the entry of two largest Amazons businesses, e-readers and online selling. Amazon is the 800-pound gorilla in the online selling space with sales three times higher than staples (Khalid, 2012). Amazon has a wide brand familiarity and supplements its online storefront with a wide network of more than 50centers of distribution globally. E-books or books traded via Amazons proprietary Kindle technology are the largest sources of development with a few number of competitors (Khalid, 2012). For the very first time in the history of Amazon, sales of Kindle eBooks were more than hardback and paperback sales. HP, Samsung and Apple companies have technological inventive history that offers competitive podiums for eBooks evolution and emergence creating competition for Amazon. Internal Environment Research and Development: Research and development has led to implementation of features of clients experience like Wish list and Listmania (Parnell, 2013). This feature enables the client get the desired good and establish the most valued goods that they need. The field of Research and Development has also let to breakthroughs in the production of products like Kindle, which has brought change in the publishing sector enhancing the company's competitive advantage. Despite the benefits brought by RD department, companies like Sony and Barnes and Noble also offer the same services (Parnell, 2013). Netflix and Google also provide same technology which have similar features to Wish list and Listmania which make the clients suggestions based on the past purchases or searches. These innovations are expensive in terms of R and D spending, in terms of the construction of the products and expertise needed to upgrade and enhance search algorithms (Parnell, 2013). The products and features built by the RD area focus at enhancing the experience of the client and improve customers shopping on the site. Organizational Culture: Values such as frugality, leadership and bias for action, are emphasized when revisiting Amazon standards (Adamkasi, 2015). Amazon treasures the company's culture which outlines the companys capability to use resources effectively and apply changes quickly. However significant, Amazon values are not scarce as other firms also have standards which emphasize on the effective utilization of resources and leadership (Adamkasi, 2015). The organization's values, strives to enhance the experience of the client through empowerment, skills exhibition and efficient utilization of resources. This has made Amazon to be considered as the industry leader. SWOT can be described as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The process of identifying external and internal factors that can influence the organizations future achievements, by the management group is called SWOT analysis (Jurevicius, 2017). Internal factors include strengths and weaknesses, whereas external factors are opportunities and threats of a company (Jurevicius, 2017). SWOT analysis is performed generally as part of business planning process whereby operational and fiscal goals are determined for the forthcoming years and strategies are laid to achieve these goals. SWOT TABLE The table below illustrates Amazon SWOT analysis. Strengths 1. Existence in developing economies 2. Knowledge of expansive use of the first mover merit 3. Good governance by founder Jeff Bezos 4. Effective cost structure Weaknesses 1. Seasonal business 2. Low profit 3. Low focus on goods or service categories 4. Brand image damage in the UK due to tax avoidance scandal Opportunities 1. E-commerce business segment diversification 2. Own brand products and services increased focus 3. physical presence of the brand increment 4. Collaborations with companies in affiliated and e-commerce industries Threats 1. Lawsuits and patent infringement against the company 2. Weak entry barriers 3. Online security threats 4. Market shareloss Source: (Jurevicius, 2017) Electronic Industry in the US Electronics industry in the US produces and distributes televisions, stereo components, telephones, calculators, alarm clocks, video cameras, VCRs, digital cameras, MP3 players and DVD. Also, a number of industry observers also have laptop PC and desktop (Hong, Bhattacharyya and Geis, n.d.). Unnecessary to mention, but consumer electronics is huge venture. In the U.S., in the year 2005 customers used over $76 billion on the purchase of electronics (Hong, Bhattacharyya and Geis, n.d.). The industry has designers, engineers, salespeople, marketers, finance gurus and customer service reps as employees. The workers are responsible for improvement of similar goods and establishing big next must have gadgets (Hong, Bhattacharyya and Geis, n.d.). The companies offering these products will stand a good chance to succeed if they get a platform where they can sale their items. There are various careers in the U.S created by the industry despite the fact that the gadgets are manufacture in Indi a. Opportunities exist patterning technical side such as quality assurance engineers, IT professionals, electronics and software engineers, manufacturing design engineers and industrial designers. Any person who can design a marketing campaign, write marketing copy, close a distribution deal and assist confused client comprehend a complicated product, consumer electronics industry is the place to be. One can get big income at multinational corporation such as Mitsubishi or Samsung through the same opportunity (Leheyda, n.d.). Also, one can start their own electronic shop in one market niche or the other. Therefore, before settling for any job examine whether like the resources and structure of a large firm of like the cutting-edge spirit and flexibility of a small organization (Leheyda, n.d.). Opportunity seekers should understand that consumer electronics are worldwide brands therefore, most of the industries have chances for global posts and travel, hence the need for foreign language skills (Leheyda, n.d.). Although there is concentration of consumer electronics jobs in the U.S in the West and East Coasts the industry is all over the nation. The large firms have plenty of offices with every office housing separate corporate function and product line. Additional Insights for the Consumer Electronics Stores Industry IBISWorld noted 250 major success factors for a venture. The key factors for the Consumer Electronics Stores Industry are: Key markets Proximity, control stock ability and skilled labor force (Cosley, 2015). IBISWorld analysts also notes how external aspects like Percentage of services and income per capita disposable in the Consumer Electronics Stores industry influence its performance. Findings and Explanation of the SWOT table Strengths In the developed economies like the US, Amazon has a solid existence. Today Amazon offers over20 million products with 21,000 sellers (Pratap, 2017). With the existence of developing markets is an advantage with will contribute to long-term development opportunities of the company. There are several segments that Amazon has gained from (Pratap, 2017). These include, Amazon Kindle and Amazon Web Services. Amazon Kindle is termed as innovatory by reviewers. Amazon Web Services provides over 517 services and features which are innovative in nature (Glanert, 2012). Amazons competency and experience in terms of marketing and developing goods and services is a strength which when capitalized has positive impacts on the development opportunities of the business. Weaknesses Amazon has a thin profit margin which cannot maintain its leadership strategy cost. Low profit margin and lack of profitability focus renders the business defenseless to external crises and shock and other market dynamics. Low profit made by Amazon have negative impacts on cash reserves and liquidity levels (Pratap, 2017). Due to changes in the external environment, Amazon may be unable to pass the low demand phase for its goods and services. Recommendations The Amazon website should aim at a wide target audience especially those with interest in shopping via the internet. To do so effectively, the company should adopt the program that will help the startups in the US consumer electronic industry to sell their commodities. The goods provided should suggest that they target clients of all ages (Bellew, 2017). The site should also allow the computer illiterate to access it. Amazon launches the first world smart, microwave to reuse and erase notebook, download the app for iOS or android and flash notes to Evernote, Dropbox, Box, iCloud, email and Google docs (Bellew, 2017). Reuse and erase the notebook 4 times. Amazon should introduce the first world smart microwave for erasing notebooks. Rocketbook Wave offers liberty of paper notebook and traditional pen. Amazon marketing strategy incorporates several forms ofmedia and print adverts, experiences, events, and sales promotion, direct marketing techniques and public connections. Therefore, what recommendations could assist Amazon.com much better than they are today? Amazon must continue pushing the sector into an era of cloud-computing by continually being innovative (Bellew, 2017). Amazon should also work hand in hand with other large retailers, to enhance the usage of Amazon's software in their site so as to boost their revenues. Amazon should also try and get other retail stores or manufacturers for the product sales. This will assist in getting the US demographic market share (Bellew, 2017). Amazon also requires to enhance its network so that travelers can access their accounts wherever they go and be able to download them at any time they require them. The competition is stiff therefore Amazon should not lose sight of their passion and goals because other companies given a chance wi ll grab the markets away from Amazon. The following are some of the strategies that can be used to market the proposed Amazon product Advertising Amazon should utilize media and print advertising as its main marketing strategies to pass its marketing information to the target client niche (Glanert, 2012). Amazon should also collaborate with various TV channels, magazines and journals worldwide for this advertisement. Amazon also can apply creativity which can lead to publications of catalogues (Sellics, 2017). Amazon can also come up with images and pictures in their catalogues through the assistance of graphic artists this will enhance selling of their goods (Bhasin, 2016). Also, images and photos are cost effective which saves money and improve the appearance of catalogues. For the purpose of brand awareness viral marketing and social media advertisements can also be employed especially video clips. Sales Promotion Amazon can frequently use sales promotions through coupons, reduction of price seasonally and special offers. (Ferguson, 2017) The current promotional sales should be advertised through Amazon website. There should also be discounts for customers who buy a certain number of goods. Amazon should also offer trips and free training to their loyal clients. Conclusion Amazon is a successful company, that has developed from small web based book retailer to a successful firm trading everything from clothing to music to books. Amazon has placed itself as cost effective alternative to mortar and brick firms that retail similar products. Through economies of scale leverage Amazon has kept supplier pressure at bay hence getting and increased large consumer sales share. Amazon is experiencing stiff competition from retail and online base organizations like Wal-Mart and overstock.com. Therefore, in order for Amazon to offer high standard customers experience it needs to refine its competitive offerings. For Amazon to be successful it is required to develop a product that will provide a platform on which startup companies in the US can launch and sell their new products. References Adamkasi, (2015).PESTEL Analysis of Amazon. [online] Free PESTEL Analysis. Available at: https://freepestelanalysis.com/pestel-analysis-of-amazon/ [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Bellew, J. (2017).Strategy Recommendation Project Final. Master Degree. Capella University. Bhasin, H. (2016).Marketing mix of Amazon - Amazon marketing mix. [online] Marketing91.com. Available at: https://www.marketing91.com/marketing-mix-amazon/ [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Cosley, J. (2015).New Insights: The Consumer Journey For Electronics. [online] Search Engine Land. Available at: https://searchengineland.com/new-insights-consumer-journey-electronics-237128 [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. D'Onfro, J. (2014).14 Quirky Things You Didn't Know About Amazon. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-jeff-bezos-facts-story-history-2014-5?IR=T [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Ferguson, E. (2017).Amazon.com Inc.s Marketing Mix (4Ps) Analysis - Panmore Institute. [online] Panmore Institute. Available at: https://panmore.com/amazon-com-inc-marketing-mix-4ps-analysis [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Glanert, M. (2012).Amazon's Marketing Techniques - Behavioral Targeting Blog. [online] Behavioral Targeting Blog. Available at: https://behavioraltargeting.biz/amazons-marketing-techniques/ [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Greenspan, R. (2017).Amazon.com Inc. PESTEL/PESTLE Analysis, Recommendations - Panmore Institute. [online] Panmore Institute. Available at: https://panmore.com/amazon-com-inc-pestel-pestle-analysis-recommendations [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Hong, A., Bhattacharyya, D. and Geis, G. (n.d.). The Role of MA in Market Convergence: Amazon, Apple, Google and Microsoft.SSRN Electronic Journal, 20(1), pp.15-45. Jurevicius, O. (2017).Learning from Amazons Advantage 2017 SWOT Analysis. [online] Strategic Management Insight. Available at: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/amazon-swot-analysis.html [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Khalid, T. (2012).External Factors Evaluation Matrix of Amazon.com | Amazon.Com. [online] Scribd. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/90866697/External-Factors-Evaluation-Matrix-of-Amazon-com [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Leheyda, N. (n.d.). Market Power, Multimarket Contact and Pricing: Some Evidence from the US Automobile Market.SSRN Electronic Journal, 10(1), pp.50-53. Parnell, Z. (2013).Amazon.com - External and Internal Competitive Analysis. [online] Zacharyparnell.com. Available at: https://www.zacharyparnell.com/2013/08/amazoncom-external-and-internal.html [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Pratap, A. (2017).Amazon SWOT Analysis 2016 - strengths and weaknesses. [online] Cheshnotes. Available at: https://www.cheshnotes.com/2016/10/amazon-swot-analysis-2016/ [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Schneider, L. (2017).Understanding Amazon.com's History and Corporate Culture. [online] The Balance. Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/amazon-com-company-research-2071316 [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Sellics. (2017).Amazon Marketing Methods: A Complete Overview [Infographic]. [online] Available at: https://sellics.com/blog-overview-amazon-marketing-advertising [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017].

Forbidden and Dangerous Information Technology

Introduction Due to the dynamic pace with which technology keeps popping up in the information and communication sector, developing codes of conduct for regulating ethics in the industry continues to face a difficult task.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Forbidden and Dangerous Information Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Markedly, the moral codes of conduct help in regulating the culture of information dissemination and sharing. The moral codes play a critical role in nurturing a morally upright society. Unchecked information within the internet and other social network forums jeopardise the ability of controlling information that require discretion (Drahos Braithwaite, 2003). Therefore, developing an information technology code of ethics require close analysis of the ethical theories and attributes that regulate other professional disciplines. Since different technological advancement touch on diffe rent sets of regulatory frameworks, it is vital to solve computing dilemmas based on ethical theories in each of the specific case in question. Ethics and intellectual property Technology, especially in the military and communication arena remain vulnerable to unethical use and exploitation. From development of weapons such as drones to introduction of malware in enemies’ systems, the unethical use of technological advancement jeopardises proper employment of technological advancements. With rising rates of computer literacy across major economies in the world, unchecked use of technology does not only present an awkward position to economic development, but also to progressive use of force in times of war and other conflicts.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Collateral damage and other mass destruction initiatives becomes easy when technological developments overrid e the human aspects of ethics and moral codes of conduct (Allen, 2008). What we should build Adequate policy elaboration to control ethics Access control Access to certain critical and easily misused technological resources needs restriction to appropriate functional unit heads. In such as setting, the functional unit head ensures proper control and management of the technology to regulate the chances of such technological resources landing on wrong hands (Freeman, 2005). Correspondingly, such a confined system of access ensure functional unit head takes the unit members through adequate orientation on the use and management of such resources before the team members take over responsibilities. Insufficient mastery of technology advancements can be fatal. For example, a simple mistake in test launching of atomic weapons presents the risk of millions of death. In the process of defining access codes of conduct, inclusion of proper measures for prosecution in cases of violation remains necessary (Doyle, 2009). Practical and content-based control Institutions with sensitive technological resources need to develop rights to impose technical restrictions on the access to their networks, especially in cases that such access compromises the ability to use certain devices, programmes, and protocols. In teleology, ethics assume that the moral standing of an action relies on the consequences of such action. In order to control the consequences of exposing sensitive technological resources to unwarranted individuals, institutions require controlled content systems that regulate resource availability and use. Likewise, institutions must develop warnings on the repercussions that come with infringing on the limited content use to ensure that such culprits face the law.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Forbidden and Dangerous Information Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Availing technological r esources such as pornographic and violent videos within an institution’s website need confinement to the rules and regulations that govern such resources. Uncontrolled accessibility and content-use of such resources compromise ethics and societal morals (Vaidhyanathan, 2003). What we should not know Access and security codes Security access codes and personal passwords help in controlling use and dissemination of technological resources. In such a setting, institutions with sensitive technological resources accord each employee a personal identification accounts. In case of unauthorised access and use of any device or resource, users of the accounts take full responsibility. Negligence in the protection of such access code comes with dire consequences. Even though codes offer protection from unwarranted access, hackers continue to access information and technological resources with ease from institutional websites and networks. Proper layers of password with complicated secur ity nature help in controlling access through hacking. Users of such institutional account must respect the privacy of other users. Institutions must define policies against installation of spywares that can snoop around individual privacies (Doyle, 2009). What are we not allowed to do? Close to the concept of access and security codes, lies the issue of privacy. With advancement in technology and online storage of personal data, people have their personal information lying in various social networks sites. Despite placing such information on the social internet at will, electronic databases enable easy transfer and storage of such data. The quantity of personal data available within an information system includes financial, medical, educational, and employment statements.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such an avalanche of personal information within the reach of administrators and hackers require adequately controlled access for privacy and security reasons. Individuals, governments, and employment institutions have detailed systems of personal information. Even though several laws like the 1986 Electronic Communication Privacy Act of the United States aims at controlling the use and access to such personal information, there exists a wide range of gaps that need proper legislative control. Most unstable technology Genetic engineering presents plausible prospects for the technological ambition. With the abilities of the future parents to dictate the genes of their children, the financially stable members of the society will have the power to determine their children’s sex, height, eye colour, hair, and even skin colour (Sandel, 2007). Equally, they will dictate the type of traits in their offspring depending on their likes and preferences. Despite these developments, it is vital to note that the choice of preferences chosen come with relatively unknown consequences. Genetic modification of genes coupled with the consumption of genetically modified foods further cripple the natural state of human existence. Just as the discovery of DDT in the 1950s presented a great step towards the control of insects and insect-related illnesses, genetic engineering comes with a wide array of negative consequences. Intrusion into the natural settings of plants and organisms through genetic modification in plants, animals, insects, bacteria, and viruses compromises the ability of the human body to react to the illnesses (Drahos Braithwaite, 2003). Similarly, several bacteria and viruses causing human and animal illness continue to mutate while others recombine to effectively deal with human defence systems. Use of genetically modified organism raises questions on the importance of environmental and human ethics in the use of technology. For example, scientists touted invention of DDT as a breakthrough in the fight against invasive insects and their related illness. However, a few years later, results showed that the negative impacts of the use of DDT outweighed the positive impacts. Scientists require moral standing in exploring both the positive impacts and negative implications associated with any technological advancement (Dumas, 1999). Conclusion Technology plays an important role in making work easier for human beings. For instance, the speed at which individuals can send bulk messages to multiple recipients across the world remains high due to the internet and other technological advancements. However, there exists a thin line between positive and negative impacts of the technological advancement. As it is easy to send texts to multiple recipients, intrusion into such mails and messages remains relatively easy. This calls for ethical management systems within technology management systems to control the misuse of such advancements. Refere nces Allen, A.L. (2008). The Virtuous Spy: Privacy as an Ethical Limit. The Monist, 91(1), 3-22. Doyle, T. (2009). Privacy and Perfect Voyeurism. Ethics and Information Technology, 11(4), 181-189. Drahos, P., Braithwaite, J. (2003). Information feudalism: Who owns the knowledge economy? London: Earthscan. Dumas, L. J. (1999). Lethal arrogance: Human fallibility and dangerous technologies. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Freeman, L. (2005). Information ethics privacy and intellectual property. Hershey, PA: Information Science Pub. Sandel, M. (2007). The case against perfection: Ethics in the age of genetic engineering. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Vaidhyanathan, S. (2003). Copyrights and copywrongs: The rise of intellectual property and how it threatens creativity. New York: New York University Press. This essay on Forbidden and Dangerous Information Technology was written and submitted by user Thunderball to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

hypokalemic periodic paralysis Essay Example

hypokalemic periodic paralysis Essay Example hypokalemic periodic paralysis Essay hypokalemic periodic paralysis Essay Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare, autosomal dominant channelopathy characterized by muscle weakness or paralysis with a matching fall in potassium levels in the blood (primarily due to defect in a voltage-gated calcium channel). In individuals with this mutation, attacks often begin in adolescence and are triggered by strenuous exercise followed by rest, high carbohydrate meals, meals with high sodium content, sudden changes in temperature, and even excitement, noise or flashing lights. Weakness may be mild and limited to certain muscle groups, or more evere full body paralysis. Attacks may last for a few hours or persist for several days. Recovery is usually sudden when it occurs, due to release of potassium from swollen muscles as they recover. Some patients may fall into an abortive attack or develop chronic muscle weakness later in life. Some people only develop symptoms of periodic paralysis due to hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). This entity is distinguished with thyroid function tests, and the diagnosis is instead called thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. [l] Patients often report years wasted with wrong iagnosis, wrong treatments, deadends and multiple doctors, test and clinics. The CMAP (Compound Muscle Amplitude Potential) test, also called the exercise EMG or X- EMG, is diagnostic in 70-80% of cases when done correctly. Besides the patient history or a report of serum potassium low normal or low during an attack, the CMAP is the current standard for medical testing. Genetic diagnosis is often unreliable as only a few of the more common gene locations are tested, but even with more extensive testing 20-37% of people with a clinical diagnosis of hypokalemic periodic aralysis have no known mutation in the two known genes. 2] Standard EMG testing cannot diagnose a patient unless they are in a full blown attack at the time of testing. Provoking an attack with exercise and diet then trying oral potassium can be diagnostic, but also dangerous as this form of PP has an alternate form known as hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. The symptoms are almost the same, but the treatment is different. The old glucose insulin challenge is dangerous and risky to the point of b eing life threatening and should never be done when other options are so eadily available[citation needed]. People with hypokalemic periodic paralysis are aften misdiagnosed as having a conversion disorder or hysterical paralysis since the weakenss is muscle based and doesnt correspond to nerve or spinal root distributions. The tendency of people with hypokalemic periodic paralysis to get paralyzed when epinephrine is released in fight or flight situations further adds to the temptation to dismiss the disorder as psychiatric. [3] hypokalemic periodic paralysis By Jian-Portacion

Environmental Health Job Opportunities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Operationalizing the Consumer Perception - Essay Example Health care is one setting in which the two perceptions of customers are applied. Because of the delicate nature of patients and the health care services, the approach that places the customer at the top of the pyramid is highly recommended. Through this approach, health care facilities such as hospitals are best positioned to budget and plan their operations based on the perceptions, satisfactions and overall outcomes of their clients (Cheung-Larivee, 2012). It is also of the essence that patients’ families’ perceptions are also accounted for, especially for patients not in a position to give their opinions or make choices. Moreover, the approach that places the customer at the top seems more effective because with close interactions with patients, care providers can deliver services in real time, thus satisfying their customers. Interactions between management and workers are also improved (Cheung-Larivee, 2012). Cheung-Larivee, K. (2012). â€Å"Hospitals Underestimate the Threat of HCAHPS Penalties.† Retrieved on January 9, 2015 from

Overseas M&A of Chinese Enterprises Essay Example for Free

Overseas MA of Chinese Enterprises Essay The purpose of this article is to summarize the problems related to the overseas MA of Chinese firms and to propose suggestions on its corresponding improvements. It firstly describes the brief history of China’s overseas MA in three phases and its current status including the growth trend, the location preference and the sector distribution ; iand illustrates one succesussfulrvived case of Lenovo and two failed cases of Chinalco and SAIC. Then Seondly it analyzes the factors contributing to the success: economy growth, exchange rate, foreign currency reserve and proper management; points out the reasons of failure: political resistance, strategy error, integration difficulty and cultural difference. After that it refers to the practice of Japanese enterprises on image making, strategy selection, management localization and relation maintaining. Finally it provideoffers recommendations to improvebetter the execution of China’s overseas MA including regarding public relationship, strategic thinking, management enhancement and cultural communication and ; draws a conclusion that whether the overseas MA is ‘cake’ or ‘trap’ depends on what we choose to do. Overseas MA of Chinese Companies: Cake or Trap? Introduction On 26th February 2013, China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC) announced in Beijing that it successfully completed the 15. 1 billion US$ acquisition of a Canadian oil and gas company Nexen Inc NXY. TO, which was Chinas largest-ever foreign takeover. This was exactly the epitome of the ‘Great Leap Forward’ of overseas MA of Chinese companies. Along with the economic boom in more thanof 30 years, encouraged by the ‘go-out’ strategy of the government, Chinese companies have madeseen robust strides in international investment markets. However, wereas most MA cases closed as successfully as the case of CNOOC’s acquisition of Nexon? The answer must be negative should you pay attention to many failures such as Chinalco1’s acquisition of Rio Tinto2. Did every successful starting reach a happy ending? Neveror the answer would be affirmative since the bloody costs Chinese companies have paid in overseasabroad m markets. The aim of this article is to raise a critical question to the overheated enthusiasm on international acquisitions of Chinese enterprises: would it bring a worthy return or rather a bottomless pit? Serving this purpose, the article will firstly draw a brief portrait of the history and the present situation of China’s overseas MA and summarize its characters, experiences and lessons. Then it will analyze the reasons for the successes and failures and compare China’s performance with the practice of its international peers. FinallyIn the end, t, he authorit would like to propose some recommendation on the improvement of the MA operation of Chinese enterprises. Status quo The overseas MA of Chinese enterprises started in the 1990s and could be roughly divided into three phases. The first phase was from the 1990s to the year 2001, when Chinese enterprises just entered the international market and tried to ‘cross the river by feeling the stones’ and to discover acquisition opportunities. The annual amount figure of transactions at that time was below 0. 1 billion US$. The second stage was after China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001 when the volume of overseas purchase takeovers reached 1 billion for the first time and till 2005 when the amount climbed to about 5 billions. The third period was fromafter 2006 till now especially after 2009 afterwards when global financial crisis seriously grilled struck the world’s major economies. During this period, the scale of China’s abroad overseas acquisitions exploded and each year it saw a total deal of tens of billions of dollars. In 2010, it was up to the height of 38 billion dollars, occupying 11% of the world’s transactions amount of that year3. There were some trends underlying the wavesis of overseas acquisitions waves. In terms of the quantity of deals, it was climbing climbed constantly with a number of 27 in 2003, 45 in 2005, 61 in 2007, 97 in 2009 and arrived at the record-breaking 147 in 20104. Meanwhile, the size of one transaction increased remarkably and the significant example was the abovementioned takeover of NEXON by CNOOC in 2013, a single deal of 15. 1 billion US$, overpassing exceeding the annual total of many previous years. With regard to the areas where China’s enterprises invested, American,USA Europe and Asia were their top 3 priorities, making up 27%, 21% and 15%5 respectively of the abroad acquisition volumes in 2010. About the sectors where they were interested in, the energy and mining fields were undoubtedly their first choice since 65%6 of the transactions occurred in this industry in 2010. Nonetheless, compared with the general traits, the individual cases are worth researching more carefully. A perfect example is the caseTake the story of China’s giant PC producer Lenovo7 as example, i. In December 2004 Lenovo acquired the PC department sector of IBM at the price of 1. 75 billion US dollars. After almost 10 years’ development, it was impressive that IBM became a super brand of business laptops and PCs and Lenovo had successfully enhanced its brand value and market share during the integration of two firms. It was this deal that made Lenovo a world PC giant. Conversely, the majority of Chinese buyers tasted the bitter flavor of defeats. According to the statistics of Mckinsey8 published in 2010, in the past 20 years, the success rate of international MA was less than 50% while the failure rate of China’s overseas acquisitions was more that 67%9. In 2008, the total loss of China’s multi-national deals was nearly 35 billion US$10. For instance, in June 2009, Rio Tinto Group unexpectedly announced to breach the acquisition agreement with Chinalco and although Rio Tinto paid 0. 195 billion US$ break-up fee to Chinalco, the latter had to must pay multifold btimes of breaching compensation to China’s state-owned commercial banks and assume tremendous losses resulted from the dropping share price of Rio Tinto. Another perfect example is the case SAIC Motor11 took over SsangYong Motor12 which illustrated a failing integration after a triumphant acquisition. SAIC invested 0. 5 billion US$ to buy 48. 92% shares of SsangYong Motor in 2004 and increased its to 51. 33% in 2005. However, a smooth deal did not forecast a disaster of cultural integration. Neither SAIC achieved the aim of technology importation nor the new management team solved the annoying strikes and salary disputes so that the new enterprise staggered till 2009 when the local court approved the bankruptcy protection of SSangYong Motor, indicating the death of this acquisition. Analysis Based on the facts and cases revealed in previous chapter, we could can not help wondering that what was inside the box? In other words, what experiencepoints we can summarizecould summarize from the successful cases and what lessons we should learn from the failed ones? On one hand, the significant development of China’s overseas MA might be generated by the following contributing factors. Firstly, the rapid economy growth drove solid requests forof the raw materials such as oil, gas or mining but subject to the limited domestic resources, Chinese enterprises turned their attention to global markets by active merging and acquiring. Secondly, since the exchange rate reform starting from 2005, the Chinese Currency RMB was appreciating gradually, for example the rate of US$ to RMB was 1: 8. 2 in 2005 but is 1: 6. 1 in 2014. In addition, the global financial crisis resulted from the subordinated debts storm in the USA remarkably dropped the share prices of listed companies in global capital markets. Both factorsThis change considerably lowered the costs of international acquisitions in recent years and created realistic opportunities for Chinese companies. Thirdly, holding the massive foreign currency reserve, for instance, 3820 billion US$ in the end of 201313, the central government of China broadened the control of foreign exchange and launched a ‘go-out’ policy to stimulate the internationalization of domestic enterprises, creating a relatively loose macro surroundings for Chinese companies. Fourthly, some Chinese companies were playing games in global markets more and more expertly. They adopted correct strategy to obtain global assets and products, executed it in accordance with international conventions, gained the advanced technology and sales networks, expanded the market share, established competitive edge and moved forward to the aim of multi-nationalization. On the other hand, it is indeed necessary to figure find out what caused the noticeable failure of Chinese acquirers. From my point of view, the reasons could be explained in four aspects. Political resistance:Political factors bear the brunt of the failure of China’s overseas acquisitions. Most Chinese enterprises engaging in international MA were state-owned enterprises, which in the westerners eyes were regarded as the representatives of Chinese government. Although they emphasized the independence status and commercial orientation when doing business in other countries, the host governments were as prone to link them to the Communist Party of ChinaChinese government. Even if they were not state-owned, the public media often mislabeled them as Chinese SOEs because it was hard for the foreigners to distinguish the nature of one Chinese firm from the other. This was truly an extra risk of Chinese firms and constituted one fundamental obstacle toof China’s overseas acquisitions. Unfortunately, in most cases, Chinese firms had no say and did not know how to communicate with the local government or the public, only to accept the destiny of defeat. For example, the government of USA denied the 18. 5-billion-dollars acquisition of UNOCAL14 by CNOOC for the reason of state security. The failure of Chinalco’ acquisition of Rio Tinto was also attributed to the concern of economic safety of Australia. Strategic error:The core value of enterprise MA probably is increasing the critical competitive advantage and sustainable development capacity thorough obtaining the essential resources of acquired firms, which requires thorough and appropriate strategies. Nevertheless, most Chinese enterprises, when operating international MA, did not have a complete and clear strategiesy or did have a strategiesy but lost control of the operation and could not survive the ever-changing global markets. Some of them failed to properly evaluate their overall strengths and to completely understand the rules of international acquisitions therefore executed rush transactions blindly just catering for the individual preference of the boss or following the ‘going-out’ fashion of ‘going-out’. TheA lack of strategiesy must not realize an anticipated results. After a series of losses in international acquisitions, TCL15 admitted that the insufficient strategic preparation was the major reason contributed to its failure16. Another relevant case is the bidding for Hummer17 by Tengzhong18. Although had published an official industrial planning aiming at developing new energy vehicles in 2009, Tengzhong announced a bid for Hummer, the producer of large displacement vehicles, which completely contradicted its strategy of energy saving and emission reduction. Integration difficulty:After applause, flowers, champagnes and wines in the signature ceremony, the real challenge just starts because of the integration or management difficulties of Chinese firms. Though more and more Chinese enterprises enlarged tremendously in recent years, for example, 100 Chinese firms were listed on the Fortune Global 500 Rankings 201419, taking up one fifth of the world’s biggest companies. But compared with international giants such as Exxon Mobile, BP or Shell, Chinese firms are weak on management issues such as corporate governance, business operations, management communication skills, international reputation and marketing channels and internal integration etc. Multi-national acquisition and integration is so complicated that Chinese companies are short of not only managers who could communicate professionally with their counter-parts and standardize the operation with global horizon but also experts who are familiar with international market operations from legal, financial or managerial background20. Take TCL’s acquisition of Thomson21 for instance, after the deal was done, in less than three years, all the former executives of Thomson left the ‘new’ company22 and it fell into a crisis of management resulting in huge profit losses in the following fiscal years. It was truly a failure of team integration due to managerial incompetence. Even worse, Chinese firms were used to manage the integration after acquisitions with domestic management styles and most of them were caught in serious internal frictions, causing which caused productivity declining and profit dropping. Moreover, Chinese firms were merely accustomed to employ Chinese workers no matter where they were doing business, which exerted extensive concerns in the host country. For example, when Chinese firms acquired a local mining, a railway or harbor construction project in Africa, thousands of Chinese workers were hired to work there. It maybe impressive for many when we watched TV that more than 30,000 Chinese workers retreated from Libya after the civil war following the collapse of the Gaddafi regime in 2010. In the countries with tight policies on foreign labors, the employment patterns of Chinese acquisitions were controversial. Culture difference:Cultural is an indispensible influential factor in international MA yet ignoring its significance is a common failing of Chinese acquirers. Many host countries complained that Chinese firms were mining robots or money machines, developing business simply on their own without incorporating themselves into the local communities and respecting the unique cultural backgrounds. The failure of SAIC’s acquisition of SsangYong, discussed mentioned in previous episode, could cast light on how the culture conflict ruined a takeover. It seems that the primary reason was SAIC’s insufficient acknowledgement of culture difference. Korea is an island country and its people have tremendous national pride therefore when SsangYong was acquired by SCIA which is from an undeveloped country of China, its employees were reluctant to accept the reality of control change and to co-operate well with the new boss. That was why they behaved negatively in the integration and apparently SAIC failed to figure out a proper strategy to deal with this issue. Moreover, SAIC underestimated the power of Labor Union and the complexity of labor disputes while paid more attention to enhance the relationship with the governmental authorities, which is anan exact reflection of Chinese culture, not suitable in Korea. The result of ignoring it was remarkable. Comparison After the analysis of what caused Chinese firms’ poor performance, before giving advice on how to improve it, it seems necessary to catch a glance at how the international peers did their MA deals. Japan, one neighbor of China, is a perfect model we could refer to. Similar as today’s China, Japan is a country short of natural resources, from the 1960s when Japanese economy began to soar, Japanese enterprises invested massively in overseas markets to pursue a steady resource supplies. In the 1970s and 1980s, they also encountered various barriers and obstacles but Japanese firms gradually diminished the hostility and cautiousness and successfully took initiatives in global investment sectors23. Image-making:Japanese firms laid emphasis on image-polishing via the ‘think tank’ and the news media. In the 1980s, in response to the increasing hostility, Japanese firms implemented diverse strategies to turn them acceptable to the American society. Since most official critics were from the Congress, major Japanese companies established or enlarged the representative offices in Washington, DC. They tried to create the mainstream opinion via the cooperation with the think tanks, journalists orand former governmental officials and in return the think tanks held periodically forums on Japanese investments and published reports arguing that Japanese investments were beneficial to the USA economy. In most cases, Japanese firms sponsored or funded the researches or cooperated with the scholars in this field. Sustainable strategy: Japanese firms focused on a long-term effect of investments, pursued a resource-preferred acquisition strategy and did not deviate from the aim easily even if confronting temporary losses or missing profitable opportunities. As a result, the investment terms of Japanese firms were longer than those of Chinese firms. In addition, Japanese companies coordinated well with each other and avoided internal malicious competitions (which often happened among their Chinese peers) to maximize their coalition strength. Differing from Chinese acquirers in Australian market, Japanese companies were used to form an acquisition group of 3-4 firms to optimize the bargaining potential and profit margin. Local management: Unlike Chinese companies which preferred to appoint Chinese executives in overseas subordinates, Japanese investors trusted localAmerican managers and appointed them as executives. Besides, they tried to localize material supplies as much as possible. According to the report published in 2002 by the Bureau of Economics Analysis24, USA, from 1982 to 2002, the number of American suppliers of Honda25had climbed from 40 to 55026. Likewise, when negotiating with partners for acquisition deals, Japanese companies seldom requested to participated in the business operation so that they could avoid the employment, salary or land disputes, which considerably reduced the management risk and integration failure. Community relation: When investing in overseas countries, Japanese firms endeavored to integrate themselves to local culture and contribute to the construction of local communities. For example, sponsoring a baseball team or funding a cancer research center, Japanese firm had donated millions of dollars for local charity. All of these merits of goodness conveyed the information that Japanese firms respected local culture and put high value on local development. This is a sharp contrast to Chinese firms’ behavior in that they were only keen on making money but were indifferent to the lives of local residents. Recommendation Corresponding to the problems figured out discussed and the comparisons analyzed above, I would like to share my view on how to improve the overseas MA operations of Chinese enterprises. Firstly, we should reduce the role the state plays in international acquisitions and create effective communications with stakeholders. To be honest, many overseas MA cases illustrated the economic targets of Chinese government, which is the most controversial issue and the biggest concern in foreign markets. As the government, it must be aware of its duty and the boundary of public power, decrease the interference to micro economic operation and liberate the creativities of Chinese enterprises in overseas markets. On the other hand, Chinese government should provide necessary supervision and guidance of overseas acquisitions, reform improper and complicated formalities of abroad transaction and facilitate the currency flow by loosing strict exchange control. However, to eliminate political obstacles, the majority of the tasks are at the shoulder of Chinese enterprises themselves. It shouldmay be necessary for them to put public relationship management top of their agenda. For example, learn to communicate with the public media and the local communities in the language and style they could understand, find spokesmen in think tanks and sponsor local research academies or educational institutions are all constructive measures to enhance the soft powerimage of Chinese enterprises. In principle, we must try to let the host country, the local public, the local staff and other stakeholders believe that Chinese acquisitions are not only a business but also a kindness, not a threatens but an opportunitiesy, to all of them. Secondly, it is essential to break the spell of speculation and to adopt strategic thinking. Acquisition is not gambling but rather implementation of strategy, hence before initiating offers Chinese buyers must set up definite targets and strategies. In short, what do we exactly want? Every overseas acquisition case must have a clear strategic demand: to enhance the buyer’s weight in the value chain; to extend the brand reputation; to expand the production line or to extend the market share? We should not launch an acquisition merely because the target company is cheap or the acquisition is an eye-catching advertisement. Nothing would be more surprising than the news that a Chinese Millionaire Chen Guangbiao, whose business is recycle resourcing, announced a plan to buy New York Times. After the aim is set up, Chinese enterprise should establish and hold a firm strategy, draw an feasible plan in details to implement the strategy step by step and unless the market surroundings changes fundamentally, do not give up the fixed strategy easily. Thirdly, it could be urgent for Chinese firms to substantially enhance their management strength to survive the integration difficulties after takeovers. It is desirable for the acquirer to keep the previous management team of the acquired firm as much as possible and to pursue a ‘win-win’ target by satisfying both the requirements of the buyer and the demands of the seller as well asand its employees. Plus, they also should build a thorough management systems in accordance with international convention, enhance overall managerial strengthability, perfect internal corporate governance and establish rational incentive mechanism, to achieve a smooth integration and a sustainable development. Fourthly, it is not exaggerating to say that the failure of an overseas acquisition is actually the failure of cultural communication, which reminds Chinese buyers to take care of the cultural difference. Currently, most of the targeted firms are matured western enterprises which have built their own tradition and culture and hope to maintain rather than change it. In the contrary, Chinese firms have not developed a systematic and matured cultures. That is, China buyers have to absorb the advanced elements of the existing cultures and mix them in the formation of a new culture. Under some unique circumstances it is necessary to give up or reform the unreasonable parts in our own cultures that iare s unacceptable to the host country. Conclusion To summarize, overseas MA is an effective way for Chinese enterprises to realize the hyper-normal development in global markets. But every opportunity could also be seen as a crisis and vice versa. It is a cake or a trap merely depends on what areis our choices. Friendly market, clear strategy, efficient management and proper communication may bring you a bright perspectives while hostile surrounding, blind expansion, poor administration and cultural conflict could catch usyou in a deep traps. For the better preparation to survive international MA competitions, it is high time for Chinese enterprises to sum up the successful experiences and to learn from the costly lessons. If this article could provide some advisable suggestions on this topic, it would be my greatest pleasure.