The Effect Of Cisplatin On Cell Division Of Escherichia...

Introduction Cisplatin (figure 1a) is a platinum derived alkylating-like, anti-proliferative compound and is also known as cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (II) (CDDP). It is one of the most effective anti-neoplastic drug that is used in the treatment of several neoplasias such as lung, ovarian, bladder and testicular cancers 1. It was synthesised in 1844 by M. Peyrone (figure 1b). However, it did not attain any scientific importance until 1965, when Rosenberg, Vancamp et al at Michigan State University discovered that platinum electrodes were able to inhibit cell division of Escherichia Coli bacteria. This discovery led to a further investigation of cisplatin effects on cell division in different tumor cells. It was shown to have anticancer activity and was the first platinum cytotoxic drug approved by food and administration authority (FDA) in 1978 2. Figure 1a: cisplatin structure 1. Figure 1b: synthesis of cisplatin 3. A normal cell replicates and divides into two cells which in turn divide into four daughter cells and so on by DNA replication in mitosis. As the cell grows old, it dies because of the programmed cell death known as apoptosis. The dead cells are then replaced with new cells. However when the DNA of the cell is damaged, for example when there is a genetic change such as DNA mutation or defective protein synthesis, the cell becomes abnormal. It begins to divide uncontrollably and forms a growth (cancerous tumour), in contrast to the normal cell in which

The Rise Of The American Revolution - 1818 Words

1. Eighteenth-century colonial population growth- From 1700 to 1775 the colonies experienced a population growth from 250,000 people to 2.5 million people by the beginning of the American Revolution. There were factors to this great population increase. The factors include natural increase because the colonists were living longer and their children were having children, an influx of immigrants from Ireland and Germany, and the increased immigration of African American slaves. 2. The First Great Awakening- In the 1720’s Church membership was declining as more rational thinking, and scientific advancements were being made. So Puritans like Johnathon Edwards and George Whitefield helped revive religion with new thinking. This awakening†¦show more content†¦Fighting didn’t just occur in North America it was a global war as well fought in Europe and the Caribbean islands. The British were able to defeat the French in this war. essentially take the majority of the land that France had had in North America except for two small islands off the coast of Nova Scotia. Spain gained the Louisiana territory as a result of fighting in the war. 5. Treaty of Paris/Peace of Paris 1763- The British were victorious in the war and gained all the land in North America that France had. Spain received the Louisiana territory because the British didn’t want it and weren’t going to let the French keep it. 6. The Proclamation of 1763- After the victory Britain declared that all the land west of the Appalachian mountains could not be settled until they made treaties with the natives living in those regions. This caused the colonists to become angry because they wanted to settle the areas west of the Appalachian Mountains and this is what caused tension to rise between the colonies and England. 7. Individual representation- When Parliament imposed taxes to try to pay off the massive wartime debt the colonists refused to because they claimed they didn’t have representation in Parliament. This was true there was no single person in Parliament representing the colonies , but the representation was never wanted because the colonies would be outvoted on matters by parliament. 8. Virtual

Solutions for the Social Problem of Poverty in the United...

Poverty is a common social issue that has troubled the United States for a countless number of years. Poverty is considered deprivation. It is when we are deprived of the things we need to function properly in society. Education, food and shelter are things that individuals struggling through poverty lack. Poverty is subjective because anyone can differ on the level of deprivation we suffer that describes the state of poverty. Some people even want to include the ability to go on foreign holidays as people are deprived of something the majority up till quite recently could do. Unsurprisingly, it still widely exists and has been a consistent problem. No matter what the overall prosperity level is, there will always be millions of†¦show more content†¦Absolute necessities are anything ranging from the essentials, such as heat and shelter. An example of relative poverty would be taking a random group of people off the street to classify their wealth; otherwise, basing judgment off on something as simple as shoes. Another example could be the poverty you may find in another country. People who live in poor accommodation, cannot afford luxuries, struggling to make ends meet, are said to suffer from relative poverty. Several issues in the world including illness and thirst are causes to poverty. Many times people underestimate the word poor. However, poor is more than just seemingly not having money. One literally has no food or water to eat nor drink and live homeless on the streets begging for money and supplies. Furthermore, the effects of poverty are most often interrelated so another follows that one problem. An example of this would be bad sanitation, which makes it easier to spread around diseases but lack of supplies make people more vulnerable to them. 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Marketing Report Amazon

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Report Amazon. Answer: Introduction Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos who was an entrepreneur in 1994. The business began from Jeff Bezos garage, later Nick Hanauer and Tom Alburg made some supplementary investment (D'Onfro, 2014). With the added investment, Bezos come up with a more user-friendly website currently used by millions of people. Various products were added to the website as the number of clients grew. Later, through the various ides of Bezos there was another implementation that enabled clients to write and post their book reviews. The idea was successful, making Amazon a successful venture (Schneider, 2017). In 1997, Amazon decided to go public hence the addition of a variety of products on their site. The products included CDs, movies and toys. In the year 2001 Amazon experienced financial loss and laid off over1000 employees (D'Onfro, 2014). Despite the loss Bezos never despaired hence implementing an idea of working with other sellers to market their goods through Amazon's website. Through this idea Am azon was able to get back on its initial track. Amazon is now a world phenomenon through hard work and persistence.To boost efficiency, these studies suggests the introduction of an application that can be used by Startups in the US to market their products. Features of the Suggested Product The suggested product will be used by the startups in the US to market their products to the Amazon online community. The companies will be able to distribute and market their products through this application. The program will have pages that are customized, a marketing package that is comprehensive, streamlined experiences, and a full access to the Amazons global networks. The product will help startups to sell their products and overcome new product challenges. Amazon External and Internal Environment Threat of Substitutes Even though e-commerce has advanced, there is often the existence of threat of substitutes from the physical world. The ancient mortar and brick stores gives the client the know how that is nearly impossible to understand in the online technological world. For instance, in a boutique a client tries the cloth on before purchasing it (Greenspan, 2017). The activity that cannot be found on Amazon. Also, Amazon is unable to offer real time client services like the brick and mortar. Not only does the threat of substitutes come from the physical globe but also from the technology world (Greenspan, 2017). Amazon can never compete with specialty online stores as much as it provides various products. Since Amazon needs to maintain its look and feel, it cannot customize its website to display and help the customer in making purchasing decision, Amazon will always be out beaten by specialty stores. New Entrants Today, there are challenges for the entry of two largest Amazons businesses, e-readers and online selling. Amazon is the 800-pound gorilla in the online selling space with sales three times higher than staples (Khalid, 2012). Amazon has a wide brand familiarity and supplements its online storefront with a wide network of more than 50centers of distribution globally. E-books or books traded via Amazons proprietary Kindle technology are the largest sources of development with a few number of competitors (Khalid, 2012). For the very first time in the history of Amazon, sales of Kindle eBooks were more than hardback and paperback sales. HP, Samsung and Apple companies have technological inventive history that offers competitive podiums for eBooks evolution and emergence creating competition for Amazon. Internal Environment Research and Development: Research and development has led to implementation of features of clients experience like Wish list and Listmania (Parnell, 2013). This feature enables the client get the desired good and establish the most valued goods that they need. The field of Research and Development has also let to breakthroughs in the production of products like Kindle, which has brought change in the publishing sector enhancing the company's competitive advantage. Despite the benefits brought by RD department, companies like Sony and Barnes and Noble also offer the same services (Parnell, 2013). Netflix and Google also provide same technology which have similar features to Wish list and Listmania which make the clients suggestions based on the past purchases or searches. These innovations are expensive in terms of R and D spending, in terms of the construction of the products and expertise needed to upgrade and enhance search algorithms (Parnell, 2013). The products and features built by the RD area focus at enhancing the experience of the client and improve customers shopping on the site. Organizational Culture: Values such as frugality, leadership and bias for action, are emphasized when revisiting Amazon standards (Adamkasi, 2015). Amazon treasures the company's culture which outlines the companys capability to use resources effectively and apply changes quickly. However significant, Amazon values are not scarce as other firms also have standards which emphasize on the effective utilization of resources and leadership (Adamkasi, 2015). The organization's values, strives to enhance the experience of the client through empowerment, skills exhibition and efficient utilization of resources. This has made Amazon to be considered as the industry leader. SWOT can be described as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The process of identifying external and internal factors that can influence the organizations future achievements, by the management group is called SWOT analysis (Jurevicius, 2017). Internal factors include strengths and weaknesses, whereas external factors are opportunities and threats of a company (Jurevicius, 2017). SWOT analysis is performed generally as part of business planning process whereby operational and fiscal goals are determined for the forthcoming years and strategies are laid to achieve these goals. SWOT TABLE The table below illustrates Amazon SWOT analysis. Strengths 1. Existence in developing economies 2. Knowledge of expansive use of the first mover merit 3. Good governance by founder Jeff Bezos 4. Effective cost structure Weaknesses 1. Seasonal business 2. Low profit 3. Low focus on goods or service categories 4. Brand image damage in the UK due to tax avoidance scandal Opportunities 1. E-commerce business segment diversification 2. Own brand products and services increased focus 3. physical presence of the brand increment 4. Collaborations with companies in affiliated and e-commerce industries Threats 1. Lawsuits and patent infringement against the company 2. Weak entry barriers 3. Online security threats 4. Market shareloss Source: (Jurevicius, 2017) Electronic Industry in the US Electronics industry in the US produces and distributes televisions, stereo components, telephones, calculators, alarm clocks, video cameras, VCRs, digital cameras, MP3 players and DVD. Also, a number of industry observers also have laptop PC and desktop (Hong, Bhattacharyya and Geis, n.d.). Unnecessary to mention, but consumer electronics is huge venture. In the U.S., in the year 2005 customers used over $76 billion on the purchase of electronics (Hong, Bhattacharyya and Geis, n.d.). The industry has designers, engineers, salespeople, marketers, finance gurus and customer service reps as employees. The workers are responsible for improvement of similar goods and establishing big next must have gadgets (Hong, Bhattacharyya and Geis, n.d.). The companies offering these products will stand a good chance to succeed if they get a platform where they can sale their items. There are various careers in the U.S created by the industry despite the fact that the gadgets are manufacture in Indi a. Opportunities exist patterning technical side such as quality assurance engineers, IT professionals, electronics and software engineers, manufacturing design engineers and industrial designers. Any person who can design a marketing campaign, write marketing copy, close a distribution deal and assist confused client comprehend a complicated product, consumer electronics industry is the place to be. One can get big income at multinational corporation such as Mitsubishi or Samsung through the same opportunity (Leheyda, n.d.). Also, one can start their own electronic shop in one market niche or the other. Therefore, before settling for any job examine whether like the resources and structure of a large firm of like the cutting-edge spirit and flexibility of a small organization (Leheyda, n.d.). Opportunity seekers should understand that consumer electronics are worldwide brands therefore, most of the industries have chances for global posts and travel, hence the need for foreign language skills (Leheyda, n.d.). Although there is concentration of consumer electronics jobs in the U.S in the West and East Coasts the industry is all over the nation. The large firms have plenty of offices with every office housing separate corporate function and product line. Additional Insights for the Consumer Electronics Stores Industry IBISWorld noted 250 major success factors for a venture. The key factors for the Consumer Electronics Stores Industry are: Key markets Proximity, control stock ability and skilled labor force (Cosley, 2015). IBISWorld analysts also notes how external aspects like Percentage of services and income per capita disposable in the Consumer Electronics Stores industry influence its performance. Findings and Explanation of the SWOT table Strengths In the developed economies like the US, Amazon has a solid existence. Today Amazon offers over20 million products with 21,000 sellers (Pratap, 2017). With the existence of developing markets is an advantage with will contribute to long-term development opportunities of the company. There are several segments that Amazon has gained from (Pratap, 2017). These include, Amazon Kindle and Amazon Web Services. Amazon Kindle is termed as innovatory by reviewers. Amazon Web Services provides over 517 services and features which are innovative in nature (Glanert, 2012). Amazons competency and experience in terms of marketing and developing goods and services is a strength which when capitalized has positive impacts on the development opportunities of the business. Weaknesses Amazon has a thin profit margin which cannot maintain its leadership strategy cost. Low profit margin and lack of profitability focus renders the business defenseless to external crises and shock and other market dynamics. Low profit made by Amazon have negative impacts on cash reserves and liquidity levels (Pratap, 2017). Due to changes in the external environment, Amazon may be unable to pass the low demand phase for its goods and services. Recommendations The Amazon website should aim at a wide target audience especially those with interest in shopping via the internet. To do so effectively, the company should adopt the program that will help the startups in the US consumer electronic industry to sell their commodities. The goods provided should suggest that they target clients of all ages (Bellew, 2017). The site should also allow the computer illiterate to access it. Amazon launches the first world smart, microwave to reuse and erase notebook, download the app for iOS or android and flash notes to Evernote, Dropbox, Box, iCloud, email and Google docs (Bellew, 2017). Reuse and erase the notebook 4 times. Amazon should introduce the first world smart microwave for erasing notebooks. Rocketbook Wave offers liberty of paper notebook and traditional pen. Amazon marketing strategy incorporates several forms ofmedia and print adverts, experiences, events, and sales promotion, direct marketing techniques and public connections. Therefore, what recommendations could assist Amazon.com much better than they are today? Amazon must continue pushing the sector into an era of cloud-computing by continually being innovative (Bellew, 2017). Amazon should also work hand in hand with other large retailers, to enhance the usage of Amazon's software in their site so as to boost their revenues. Amazon should also try and get other retail stores or manufacturers for the product sales. This will assist in getting the US demographic market share (Bellew, 2017). Amazon also requires to enhance its network so that travelers can access their accounts wherever they go and be able to download them at any time they require them. The competition is stiff therefore Amazon should not lose sight of their passion and goals because other companies given a chance wi ll grab the markets away from Amazon. The following are some of the strategies that can be used to market the proposed Amazon product Advertising Amazon should utilize media and print advertising as its main marketing strategies to pass its marketing information to the target client niche (Glanert, 2012). Amazon should also collaborate with various TV channels, magazines and journals worldwide for this advertisement. Amazon also can apply creativity which can lead to publications of catalogues (Sellics, 2017). Amazon can also come up with images and pictures in their catalogues through the assistance of graphic artists this will enhance selling of their goods (Bhasin, 2016). Also, images and photos are cost effective which saves money and improve the appearance of catalogues. For the purpose of brand awareness viral marketing and social media advertisements can also be employed especially video clips. Sales Promotion Amazon can frequently use sales promotions through coupons, reduction of price seasonally and special offers. (Ferguson, 2017) The current promotional sales should be advertised through Amazon website. There should also be discounts for customers who buy a certain number of goods. Amazon should also offer trips and free training to their loyal clients. Conclusion Amazon is a successful company, that has developed from small web based book retailer to a successful firm trading everything from clothing to music to books. Amazon has placed itself as cost effective alternative to mortar and brick firms that retail similar products. Through economies of scale leverage Amazon has kept supplier pressure at bay hence getting and increased large consumer sales share. Amazon is experiencing stiff competition from retail and online base organizations like Wal-Mart and overstock.com. Therefore, in order for Amazon to offer high standard customers experience it needs to refine its competitive offerings. For Amazon to be successful it is required to develop a product that will provide a platform on which startup companies in the US can launch and sell their new products. References Adamkasi, (2015).PESTEL Analysis of Amazon. [online] Free PESTEL Analysis. Available at: https://freepestelanalysis.com/pestel-analysis-of-amazon/ [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Bellew, J. (2017).Strategy Recommendation Project Final. Master Degree. Capella University. Bhasin, H. (2016).Marketing mix of Amazon - Amazon marketing mix. [online] Marketing91.com. Available at: https://www.marketing91.com/marketing-mix-amazon/ [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Cosley, J. (2015).New Insights: The Consumer Journey For Electronics. [online] Search Engine Land. Available at: https://searchengineland.com/new-insights-consumer-journey-electronics-237128 [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. D'Onfro, J. (2014).14 Quirky Things You Didn't Know About Amazon. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-jeff-bezos-facts-story-history-2014-5?IR=T [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Ferguson, E. (2017).Amazon.com Inc.s Marketing Mix (4Ps) Analysis - Panmore Institute. [online] Panmore Institute. Available at: https://panmore.com/amazon-com-inc-marketing-mix-4ps-analysis [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Glanert, M. (2012).Amazon's Marketing Techniques - Behavioral Targeting Blog. [online] Behavioral Targeting Blog. Available at: https://behavioraltargeting.biz/amazons-marketing-techniques/ [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Greenspan, R. (2017).Amazon.com Inc. PESTEL/PESTLE Analysis, Recommendations - Panmore Institute. [online] Panmore Institute. Available at: https://panmore.com/amazon-com-inc-pestel-pestle-analysis-recommendations [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Hong, A., Bhattacharyya, D. and Geis, G. (n.d.). The Role of MA in Market Convergence: Amazon, Apple, Google and Microsoft.SSRN Electronic Journal, 20(1), pp.15-45. Jurevicius, O. (2017).Learning from Amazons Advantage 2017 SWOT Analysis. [online] Strategic Management Insight. Available at: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/amazon-swot-analysis.html [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Khalid, T. (2012).External Factors Evaluation Matrix of Amazon.com | Amazon.Com. [online] Scribd. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/90866697/External-Factors-Evaluation-Matrix-of-Amazon-com [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Leheyda, N. (n.d.). Market Power, Multimarket Contact and Pricing: Some Evidence from the US Automobile Market.SSRN Electronic Journal, 10(1), pp.50-53. Parnell, Z. (2013).Amazon.com - External and Internal Competitive Analysis. [online] Zacharyparnell.com. Available at: https://www.zacharyparnell.com/2013/08/amazoncom-external-and-internal.html [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Pratap, A. (2017).Amazon SWOT Analysis 2016 - strengths and weaknesses. [online] Cheshnotes. Available at: https://www.cheshnotes.com/2016/10/amazon-swot-analysis-2016/ [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Schneider, L. (2017).Understanding Amazon.com's History and Corporate Culture. [online] The Balance. Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/amazon-com-company-research-2071316 [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017]. Sellics. (2017).Amazon Marketing Methods: A Complete Overview [Infographic]. [online] Available at: https://sellics.com/blog-overview-amazon-marketing-advertising [Accessed 3 Apr. 2017].

Forbidden and Dangerous Information Technology

Introduction Due to the dynamic pace with which technology keeps popping up in the information and communication sector, developing codes of conduct for regulating ethics in the industry continues to face a difficult task.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Forbidden and Dangerous Information Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Markedly, the moral codes of conduct help in regulating the culture of information dissemination and sharing. The moral codes play a critical role in nurturing a morally upright society. Unchecked information within the internet and other social network forums jeopardise the ability of controlling information that require discretion (Drahos Braithwaite, 2003). Therefore, developing an information technology code of ethics require close analysis of the ethical theories and attributes that regulate other professional disciplines. Since different technological advancement touch on diffe rent sets of regulatory frameworks, it is vital to solve computing dilemmas based on ethical theories in each of the specific case in question. Ethics and intellectual property Technology, especially in the military and communication arena remain vulnerable to unethical use and exploitation. From development of weapons such as drones to introduction of malware in enemies’ systems, the unethical use of technological advancement jeopardises proper employment of technological advancements. With rising rates of computer literacy across major economies in the world, unchecked use of technology does not only present an awkward position to economic development, but also to progressive use of force in times of war and other conflicts.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Collateral damage and other mass destruction initiatives becomes easy when technological developments overrid e the human aspects of ethics and moral codes of conduct (Allen, 2008). What we should build Adequate policy elaboration to control ethics Access control Access to certain critical and easily misused technological resources needs restriction to appropriate functional unit heads. In such as setting, the functional unit head ensures proper control and management of the technology to regulate the chances of such technological resources landing on wrong hands (Freeman, 2005). Correspondingly, such a confined system of access ensure functional unit head takes the unit members through adequate orientation on the use and management of such resources before the team members take over responsibilities. Insufficient mastery of technology advancements can be fatal. For example, a simple mistake in test launching of atomic weapons presents the risk of millions of death. In the process of defining access codes of conduct, inclusion of proper measures for prosecution in cases of violation remains necessary (Doyle, 2009). Practical and content-based control Institutions with sensitive technological resources need to develop rights to impose technical restrictions on the access to their networks, especially in cases that such access compromises the ability to use certain devices, programmes, and protocols. In teleology, ethics assume that the moral standing of an action relies on the consequences of such action. In order to control the consequences of exposing sensitive technological resources to unwarranted individuals, institutions require controlled content systems that regulate resource availability and use. Likewise, institutions must develop warnings on the repercussions that come with infringing on the limited content use to ensure that such culprits face the law.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Forbidden and Dangerous Information Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Availing technological r esources such as pornographic and violent videos within an institution’s website need confinement to the rules and regulations that govern such resources. Uncontrolled accessibility and content-use of such resources compromise ethics and societal morals (Vaidhyanathan, 2003). What we should not know Access and security codes Security access codes and personal passwords help in controlling use and dissemination of technological resources. In such a setting, institutions with sensitive technological resources accord each employee a personal identification accounts. In case of unauthorised access and use of any device or resource, users of the accounts take full responsibility. Negligence in the protection of such access code comes with dire consequences. Even though codes offer protection from unwarranted access, hackers continue to access information and technological resources with ease from institutional websites and networks. Proper layers of password with complicated secur ity nature help in controlling access through hacking. Users of such institutional account must respect the privacy of other users. Institutions must define policies against installation of spywares that can snoop around individual privacies (Doyle, 2009). What are we not allowed to do? Close to the concept of access and security codes, lies the issue of privacy. With advancement in technology and online storage of personal data, people have their personal information lying in various social networks sites. Despite placing such information on the social internet at will, electronic databases enable easy transfer and storage of such data. The quantity of personal data available within an information system includes financial, medical, educational, and employment statements.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such an avalanche of personal information within the reach of administrators and hackers require adequately controlled access for privacy and security reasons. Individuals, governments, and employment institutions have detailed systems of personal information. Even though several laws like the 1986 Electronic Communication Privacy Act of the United States aims at controlling the use and access to such personal information, there exists a wide range of gaps that need proper legislative control. Most unstable technology Genetic engineering presents plausible prospects for the technological ambition. With the abilities of the future parents to dictate the genes of their children, the financially stable members of the society will have the power to determine their children’s sex, height, eye colour, hair, and even skin colour (Sandel, 2007). Equally, they will dictate the type of traits in their offspring depending on their likes and preferences. Despite these developments, it is vital to note that the choice of preferences chosen come with relatively unknown consequences. Genetic modification of genes coupled with the consumption of genetically modified foods further cripple the natural state of human existence. Just as the discovery of DDT in the 1950s presented a great step towards the control of insects and insect-related illnesses, genetic engineering comes with a wide array of negative consequences. Intrusion into the natural settings of plants and organisms through genetic modification in plants, animals, insects, bacteria, and viruses compromises the ability of the human body to react to the illnesses (Drahos Braithwaite, 2003). Similarly, several bacteria and viruses causing human and animal illness continue to mutate while others recombine to effectively deal with human defence systems. Use of genetically modified organism raises questions on the importance of environmental and human ethics in the use of technology. For example, scientists touted invention of DDT as a breakthrough in the fight against invasive insects and their related illness. However, a few years later, results showed that the negative impacts of the use of DDT outweighed the positive impacts. Scientists require moral standing in exploring both the positive impacts and negative implications associated with any technological advancement (Dumas, 1999). Conclusion Technology plays an important role in making work easier for human beings. For instance, the speed at which individuals can send bulk messages to multiple recipients across the world remains high due to the internet and other technological advancements. However, there exists a thin line between positive and negative impacts of the technological advancement. As it is easy to send texts to multiple recipients, intrusion into such mails and messages remains relatively easy. This calls for ethical management systems within technology management systems to control the misuse of such advancements. Refere nces Allen, A.L. (2008). The Virtuous Spy: Privacy as an Ethical Limit. The Monist, 91(1), 3-22. Doyle, T. (2009). Privacy and Perfect Voyeurism. Ethics and Information Technology, 11(4), 181-189. Drahos, P., Braithwaite, J. (2003). Information feudalism: Who owns the knowledge economy? London: Earthscan. Dumas, L. J. (1999). Lethal arrogance: Human fallibility and dangerous technologies. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Freeman, L. (2005). Information ethics privacy and intellectual property. Hershey, PA: Information Science Pub. Sandel, M. (2007). The case against perfection: Ethics in the age of genetic engineering. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Vaidhyanathan, S. (2003). Copyrights and copywrongs: The rise of intellectual property and how it threatens creativity. New York: New York University Press. This essay on Forbidden and Dangerous Information Technology was written and submitted by user Thunderball to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

hypokalemic periodic paralysis Essay Example

hypokalemic periodic paralysis Essay Example hypokalemic periodic paralysis Essay hypokalemic periodic paralysis Essay Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare, autosomal dominant channelopathy characterized by muscle weakness or paralysis with a matching fall in potassium levels in the blood (primarily due to defect in a voltage-gated calcium channel). In individuals with this mutation, attacks often begin in adolescence and are triggered by strenuous exercise followed by rest, high carbohydrate meals, meals with high sodium content, sudden changes in temperature, and even excitement, noise or flashing lights. Weakness may be mild and limited to certain muscle groups, or more evere full body paralysis. Attacks may last for a few hours or persist for several days. Recovery is usually sudden when it occurs, due to release of potassium from swollen muscles as they recover. Some patients may fall into an abortive attack or develop chronic muscle weakness later in life. Some people only develop symptoms of periodic paralysis due to hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). This entity is distinguished with thyroid function tests, and the diagnosis is instead called thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. [l] Patients often report years wasted with wrong iagnosis, wrong treatments, deadends and multiple doctors, test and clinics. The CMAP (Compound Muscle Amplitude Potential) test, also called the exercise EMG or X- EMG, is diagnostic in 70-80% of cases when done correctly. Besides the patient history or a report of serum potassium low normal or low during an attack, the CMAP is the current standard for medical testing. Genetic diagnosis is often unreliable as only a few of the more common gene locations are tested, but even with more extensive testing 20-37% of people with a clinical diagnosis of hypokalemic periodic aralysis have no known mutation in the two known genes. 2] Standard EMG testing cannot diagnose a patient unless they are in a full blown attack at the time of testing. Provoking an attack with exercise and diet then trying oral potassium can be diagnostic, but also dangerous as this form of PP has an alternate form known as hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. The symptoms are almost the same, but the treatment is different. The old glucose insulin challenge is dangerous and risky to the point of b eing life threatening and should never be done when other options are so eadily available[citation needed]. People with hypokalemic periodic paralysis are aften misdiagnosed as having a conversion disorder or hysterical paralysis since the weakenss is muscle based and doesnt correspond to nerve or spinal root distributions. The tendency of people with hypokalemic periodic paralysis to get paralyzed when epinephrine is released in fight or flight situations further adds to the temptation to dismiss the disorder as psychiatric. [3] hypokalemic periodic paralysis By Jian-Portacion

Environmental Health Job Opportunities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Health Job Opportunities - Essay Example A. It is a fact that 60-90% of the population spend a substantial amount of their time indoors, which can be in private or public buildings like offices, restaurants and schools. Indoor air pollution is responsible for many chronic diseases, which include respiratory diseases and some types of cancer (Jantunen, Oliveira Fernandes, Carrer, & Kephalopoulos, 2011). B. A research on fungi contamination was done in elderly care centres in Portugal; because of elderly people spend a lot of time indoors. Therefore, they are highly influenced by indoor air pollution, which involves the use of substances like bioaerosols. The Bioaerosols were evaluated before and after fungi was measured in the microenvironments; fungi load was high in bedrooms and storage areas (40 different fungal species were isolated). Penicillium and Aspergillus were the most common fungi isolated during the study, the living room registered the lowest fungal concentration as opposed to the storage area that had the highest fungal load (Viegas, Almeida-Silva, Gomes, Wolterbeek, & Almeida, 2014) The research was done by administering questionnaires and measuring and determining the content of indoor air in public places like restaurants. The research aimed at evaluating the smoke free law regarding the quality of indoor air, which was introduced by the Portuguese government in 2008. The study registered a very significant decrease in CO, methane, TO and RSP concentrations after the ban had been passed. The study provides foundational data on smoke free law and its effects on indoor air quality in public places (Madureira, Mendes, & Teixeira, 2013). 5. The cost of living refers to the minimum amount of money that one requires to cover expenses on food, housing, clothing, taxes and healthcare (Bertolazzi, 2007). The cost of living is affected by factors